# Lambdify¶

This module provides convenient functions to transform sympy expressions to lambda functions which can be used to calculate numerical values very fast.

sympy.utilities.lambdify.implemented_function(symfunc, implementation)[source]

Add numerical implementation to function symfunc.

symfunc can be an UndefinedFunction instance, or a name string. In the latter case we create an UndefinedFunction instance with that name.

Be aware that this is a quick workaround, not a general method to create special symbolic functions. If you want to create a symbolic function to be used by all the machinery of SymPy you should subclass the Function class.

Parameters : symfunc : str or UndefinedFunction instance If str, then create new UndefinedFunction with this as name. If $$symfunc$$ is a sympy function, attach implementation to it. implementation : callable numerical implementation to be called by evalf() or lambdify afunc : sympy.FunctionClass instance function with attached implementation

Examples

>>> from sympy.abc import x
>>> from sympy.utilities.lambdify import lambdify, implemented_function
>>> from sympy import Function
>>> f = implemented_function(Function('f'), lambda x: x+1)
>>> lam_f = lambdify(x, f(x))
>>> lam_f(4)
5

sympy.utilities.lambdify.lambdastr(args, expr, printer=None, dummify=False)[source]

Returns a string that can be evaluated to a lambda function.

Examples

>>> from sympy.abc import x, y, z
>>> from sympy.utilities.lambdify import lambdastr
>>> lambdastr(x, x**2)
'lambda x: (x**2)'
>>> lambdastr((x,y,z), [z,y,x])
'lambda x,y,z: ([z, y, x])'


Although tuples may not appear as arguments to lambda in Python 3, lambdastr will create a lambda function that will unpack the original arguments so that nested arguments can be handled:

>>> lambdastr((x, (y, z)), x + y)
'lambda _0,_1: (lambda x,y,z: (x + y))(*list(__flatten_args__([_0,_1])))'

sympy.utilities.lambdify.lambdify(args, expr, modules=None, printer=None, use_imps=True, dummify=True)[source]

Returns a lambda function for fast calculation of numerical values.

If not specified differently by the user, SymPy functions are replaced as far as possible by either python-math, numpy (if available) or mpmath functions - exactly in this order. To change this behavior, the “modules” argument can be used. It accepts:

• the strings “math”, “mpmath”, “numpy”, “numexpr”, “sympy”
• any modules (e.g. math)
• dictionaries that map names of sympy functions to arbitrary functions
• lists that contain a mix of the arguments above, with higher priority given to entries appearing first.

The default behavior is to substitute all arguments in the provided expression with dummy symbols. This allows for applied functions (e.g. f(t)) to be supplied as arguments. Call the function with dummify=False if dummy substitution is unwanted (and $$args$$ is not a string). If you want to view the lambdified function or provide “sympy” as the module, you should probably set dummify=False.

For functions involving large array calculations, numexpr can provide a significant speedup over numpy. Please note that the available functions for numexpr are more limited than numpy but can be expanded with implemented_function and user defined subclasses of Function. If specified, numexpr may be the only option in modules. The official list of numexpr functions can be found at: https://github.com/pydata/numexpr#supported-functions

Examples

>>> from sympy.utilities.lambdify import implemented_function
>>> from sympy import sqrt, sin, Matrix
>>> from sympy import Function
>>> from sympy.abc import w, x, y, z

>>> f = lambdify(x, x**2)
>>> f(2)
4
>>> f = lambdify((x, y, z), [z, y, x])
>>> f(1,2,3)
[3, 2, 1]
>>> f = lambdify(x, sqrt(x))
>>> f(4)
2.0
>>> f = lambdify((x, y), sin(x*y)**2)
>>> f(0, 5)
0.0
>>> row = lambdify((x, y), Matrix((x, x + y)).T, modules='sympy')
>>> row(1, 2)
Matrix([[1, 3]])


Tuple arguments are handled and the lambdified function should be called with the same type of arguments as were used to create the function.:

>>> f = lambdify((x, (y, z)), x + y)
>>> f(1, (2, 4))
3


A more robust way of handling this is to always work with flattened arguments:

>>> from sympy.utilities.iterables import flatten
>>> args = w, (x, (y, z))
>>> vals = 1, (2, (3, 4))
>>> f = lambdify(flatten(args), w + x + y + z)
>>> f(*flatten(vals))
10


Functions present in $$expr$$ can also carry their own numerical implementations, in a callable attached to the _imp_ attribute. Usually you attach this using the implemented_function factory:

>>> f = implemented_function(Function('f'), lambda x: x+1)
>>> func = lambdify(x, f(x))
>>> func(4)
5


lambdify always prefers _imp_ implementations to implementations in other namespaces, unless the use_imps input parameter is False.

Deprecation Warnings

In previous releases lambdify replaced Matrix with numpy.matrix by default. As of release 0.7.6 numpy.array is being transitioned to the default. In release 0.7.7 this transition will be complete. For now, to use the new default behavior you must pass in [{'ImmutableMatrix': numpy.array}, 'numpy'] to the modules kwarg.

>>> from sympy import lambdify, Matrix
>>> from sympy.abc import x, y
>>> import numpy
>>> mat2array = [{'ImmutableMatrix': numpy.array}, 'numpy']
>>> f = lambdify((x, y), Matrix([x, y]), modules=mat2array)
>>> f(1, 2)
array([[1],
[2]])


Usage

1. Use one of the provided modules:

>>> from sympy import sin, tan, gamma
>>> from sympy.utilities.lambdify import lambdastr
>>> from sympy.abc import x, y
>>> f = lambdify(x, sin(x), "math")

Attention: Functions that are not in the math module will throw a name

error when the lambda function is evaluated! So this would be better:

>>> f = lambdify(x, sin(x)*gamma(x), ("math", "mpmath", "sympy"))

2. Use some other module:

>>> import numpy
>>> f = lambdify((x,y), tan(x*y), numpy)

Attention: There are naming differences between numpy and sympy. So if

you simply take the numpy module, e.g. sympy.atan will not be translated to numpy.arctan. Use the modified module instead by passing the string “numpy”:

>>> f = lambdify((x,y), tan(x*y), "numpy")
>>> f(1, 2)
-2.18503986326
>>> from numpy import array
>>> f(array([1, 2, 3]), array([2, 3, 5]))
[-2.18503986 -0.29100619 -0.8559934 ]

3. Use a dictionary defining custom functions:

>>> def my_cool_function(x): return 'sin(%s) is cool' % x
>>> myfuncs = {"sin" : my_cool_function}
>>> f = lambdify(x, sin(x), myfuncs); f(1)
'sin(1) is cool'


Iterables

Memoization