# Source code for sympy.geometry.point

"""Geometrical Points.

Contains
========
Point
Point2D
Point3D

When methods of Point require 1 or more points as arguments, they
can be passed as a sequence of coordinates or Points:

>>> from sympy.geometry.point import Point
>>> Point(1, 1).is_collinear((2, 2), (3, 4))
False
>>> Point(1, 1).is_collinear(Point(2, 2), Point(3, 4))
False

"""

from __future__ import division, print_function

import warnings

from sympy.core import S, sympify, Expr
from sympy.core.numbers import Number
from sympy.core.compatibility import iterable, is_sequence, as_int
from sympy.core.containers import Tuple
from sympy.simplify import nsimplify, simplify
from sympy.geometry.exceptions import GeometryError
from sympy.functions.elementary.miscellaneous import sqrt
from sympy.functions.elementary.complexes import im
from sympy.matrices import Matrix
from sympy.core.relational import Eq
from sympy.core.numbers import Float
from sympy.core.evaluate import global_evaluate
from sympy.sets import FiniteSet
from sympy.utilities.iterables import uniq
from sympy.utilities.misc import filldedent, func_name, Undecidable

from .entity import GeometryEntity

[docs]class Point(GeometryEntity): """A point in a n-dimensional Euclidean space. Parameters ========== coords : sequence of n-coordinate values. In the special case where n=2 or 3, a Point2D or Point3D will be created as appropriate. evaluate : if True (default), all floats are turn into exact types. dim : number of coordinates the point should have. If coordinates are unspecified, they are padded with zeros. on_morph : indicates what should happen when the number of coordinates of a point need to be changed by adding or removing zeros. Possible values are 'warn', 'error', or ignore (default). No warning or error is given when *args is empty and dim is given. An error is always raised when trying to remove nonzero coordinates. Attributes ========== length origin: A Point representing the origin of the appropriately-dimensioned space. Raises ====== TypeError : When instantiating with anything but a Point or sequence ValueError : when instantiating with a sequence with length < 2 or when trying to reduce dimensions if keyword on_morph='error' is set. See Also ======== sympy.geometry.line.Segment : Connects two Points Examples ======== >>> from sympy.geometry import Point >>> from sympy.abc import x >>> Point(1, 2, 3) Point3D(1, 2, 3) >>> Point([1, 2]) Point2D(1, 2) >>> Point(0, x) Point2D(0, x) >>> Point(dim=4) Point(0, 0, 0, 0) Floats are automatically converted to Rational unless the evaluate flag is False: >>> Point(0.5, 0.25) Point2D(1/2, 1/4) >>> Point(0.5, 0.25, evaluate=False) Point2D(0.5, 0.25) """ is_Point = True def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs): evaluate = kwargs.get('evaluate', global_evaluate[0]) on_morph = kwargs.get('on_morph', 'ignore') # unpack into coords coords = args[0] if len(args) == 1 else args # check args and handle quickly handle Point instances if isinstance(coords, Point): # even if we're mutating the dimension of a point, we # don't reevaluate its coordinates evaluate = False if len(coords) == kwargs.get('dim', len(coords)): return coords if not is_sequence(coords): raise TypeError(filldedent(''' Expecting sequence of coordinates, not {}''' .format(func_name(coords)))) # A point where only dim is specified is initialized # to zeros. if len(coords) == 0 and kwargs.get('dim', None): coords = (S.Zero,)*kwargs.get('dim') coords = Tuple(*coords) dim = kwargs.get('dim', len(coords)) if len(coords) < 2: raise ValueError(filldedent(''' Point requires 2 or more coordinates or keyword dim > 1.''')) if len(coords) != dim: message = ("Dimension of {} needs to be changed" "from {} to {}.").format(coords, len(coords), dim) if on_morph == 'ignore': pass elif on_morph == "error": raise ValueError(message) elif on_morph == 'warn': warnings.warn(message) else: raise ValueError(filldedent(''' on_morph value should be 'error', 'warn' or 'ignore'.''')) if any(i for i in coords[dim:]): raise ValueError('Nonzero coordinates cannot be removed.') if any(a.is_number and im(a) for a in coords): raise ValueError('Imaginary coordinates are not permitted.') if not all(isinstance(a, Expr) for a in coords): raise TypeError('Coordinates must be valid SymPy expressions.') # pad with zeros appropriately coords = coords[:dim] + (S.Zero,)*(dim - len(coords)) # Turn any Floats into rationals and simplify # any expressions before we instantiate if evaluate: coords = coords.xreplace(dict( [(f, simplify(nsimplify(f, rational=True))) for f in coords.atoms(Float)])) # return 2D or 3D instances if len(coords) == 2: kwargs['_nocheck'] = True return Point2D(*coords, **kwargs) elif len(coords) == 3: kwargs['_nocheck'] = True return Point3D(*coords, **kwargs) # the general Point return GeometryEntity.__new__(cls, *coords) def __abs__(self): """Returns the distance between this point and the origin.""" origin = Point([0]*len(self)) return Point.distance(origin, self) def __add__(self, other): """Add other to self by incrementing self's coordinates by those of other. Notes ===== >>> from sympy.geometry.point import Point When sequences of coordinates are passed to Point methods, they are converted to a Point internally. This __add__ method does not do that so if floating point values are used, a floating point result (in terms of SymPy Floats) will be returned. >>> Point(1, 2) + (.1, .2) Point2D(1.1, 2.2) If this is not desired, the translate method can be used or another Point can be added: >>> Point(1, 2).translate(.1, .2) Point2D(11/10, 11/5) >>> Point(1, 2) + Point(.1, .2) Point2D(11/10, 11/5) See Also ======== sympy.geometry.point.Point.translate """ try: s, o = Point._normalize_dimension(self, Point(other, evaluate=False)) except TypeError: raise GeometryError("Don't know how to add {} and a Point object".format(other)) coords = [simplify(a + b) for a, b in zip(s, o)] return Point(coords, evaluate=False) def __contains__(self, item): return item in self.args def __div__(self, divisor): """Divide point's coordinates by a factor.""" divisor = sympify(divisor) coords = [simplify(x/divisor) for x in self.args] return Point(coords, evaluate=False) def __eq__(self, other): if not isinstance(other, Point) or len(self.args) != len(other.args): return False return self.args == other.args def __getitem__(self, key): return self.args[key] def __hash__(self): return hash(self.args) def __iter__(self): return self.args.__iter__() def __len__(self): return len(self.args) def __mul__(self, factor): """Multiply point's coordinates by a factor. Notes ===== >>> from sympy.geometry.point import Point When multiplying a Point by a floating point number, the coordinates of the Point will be changed to Floats: >>> Point(1, 2)*0.1 Point2D(0.1, 0.2) If this is not desired, the scale method can be used or else only multiply or divide by integers: >>> Point(1, 2).scale(1.1, 1.1) Point2D(11/10, 11/5) >>> Point(1, 2)*11/10 Point2D(11/10, 11/5) See Also ======== sympy.geometry.point.Point.scale """ factor = sympify(factor) coords = [simplify(x*factor) for x in self.args] return Point(coords, evaluate=False) def __neg__(self): """Negate the point.""" coords = [-x for x in self.args] return Point(coords, evaluate=False) def __sub__(self, other): """Subtract two points, or subtract a factor from this point's coordinates.""" return self + [-x for x in other] @classmethod def _normalize_dimension(cls, *points, **kwargs): """Ensure that points have the same dimension. By default on_morph='warn' is passed to the Point constructor.""" # if we have a built-in ambient dimension, use it dim = getattr(cls, '_ambient_dimension', None) # override if we specified it dim = kwargs.get('dim', dim) # if no dim was given, use the highest dimensional point if dim is None: dim = max(i.ambient_dimension for i in points) if all(i.ambient_dimension == dim for i in points): return list(points) kwargs['dim'] = dim kwargs['on_morph'] = kwargs.get('on_morph', 'warn') return [Point(i, **kwargs) for i in points]
[docs] @staticmethod def affine_rank(*args): """The affine rank of a set of points is the dimension of the smallest affine space containing all the points. For example, if the points lie on a line (and are not all the same) their affine rank is 1. If the points lie on a plane but not a line, their affine rank is 2. By convention, the empty set has affine rank -1.""" if len(args) == 0: return -1 # make sure we're genuinely points # and translate every point to the origin points = Point._normalize_dimension(*[Point(i) for i in args]) origin = points[0] points = [i - origin for i in points[1:]] m = Matrix([i.args for i in points]) return m.rank()
@property def ambient_dimension(self): """Number of components this point has.""" return getattr(self, '_ambient_dimension', len(self))
[docs] @classmethod def are_coplanar(cls, *points): """Return True if there exists a plane in which all the points lie. A trivial True value is returned if len(points) < 3 or all Points are 2-dimensional. Parameters ========== A set of points Raises ====== ValueError : if less than 3 unique points are given Returns ======= boolean Examples ======== >>> from sympy import Point3D >>> p1 = Point3D(1, 2, 2) >>> p2 = Point3D(2, 7, 2) >>> p3 = Point3D(0, 0, 2) >>> p4 = Point3D(1, 1, 2) >>> Point3D.are_coplanar(p1, p2, p3, p4) True >>> p5 = Point3D(0, 1, 3) >>> Point3D.are_coplanar(p1, p2, p3, p5) False """ if len(points) <= 1: return True points = cls._normalize_dimension(*[Point(i) for i in points]) # quick exit if we are in 2D if points[0].ambient_dimension == 2: return True points = list(uniq(points)) return Point.affine_rank(*points) <= 2
[docs] def distance(self, p): """The Euclidean distance from self to point p. Parameters ========== p : Point Returns ======= distance : number or symbolic expression. See Also ======== sympy.geometry.line.Segment.length sympy.geometry.point.Point.taxicab_distance Examples ======== >>> from sympy.geometry import Point >>> p1, p2 = Point(1, 1), Point(4, 5) >>> p1.distance(p2) 5 >>> from sympy.abc import x, y >>> p3 = Point(x, y) >>> p3.distance(Point(0, 0)) sqrt(x**2 + y**2) """ s, p = Point._normalize_dimension(self, Point(p)) return sqrt(Add(*((a - b)**2 for a, b in zip(s, p))))
[docs] def dot(self, p): """Return dot product of self with another Point.""" if not is_sequence(p): p = Point(p) # raise the error via Point return Add(*(a*b for a, b in zip(self, p)))
[docs] def equals(self, other): """Returns whether the coordinates of self and other agree.""" # a point is equal to another point if all its components are equal if not isinstance(other, Point) or len(self) != len(other): return False return all(a.equals(b) for a,b in zip(self, other))
[docs] def evalf(self, prec=None, **options): """Evaluate the coordinates of the point. This method will, where possible, create and return a new Point where the coordinates are evaluated as floating point numbers to the precision indicated (default=15). Parameters ========== prec : int Returns ======= point : Point Examples ======== >>> from sympy import Point, Rational >>> p1 = Point(Rational(1, 2), Rational(3, 2)) >>> p1 Point2D(1/2, 3/2) >>> p1.evalf() Point2D(0.5, 1.5) """ coords = [x.evalf(prec, **options) for x in self.args] return Point(*coords, evaluate=False)
[docs] def intersection(self, other): """The intersection between this point and another GeometryEntity. Parameters ========== other : Point Returns ======= intersection : list of Points Notes ===== The return value will either be an empty list if there is no intersection, otherwise it will contain this point. Examples ======== >>> from sympy import Point >>> p1, p2, p3 = Point(0, 0), Point(1, 1), Point(0, 0) >>> p1.intersection(p2) [] >>> p1.intersection(p3) [Point2D(0, 0)] """ if not isinstance(other, GeometryEntity): other = Point(other) if isinstance(other, Point): if self == other: return [self] p1, p2 = Point._normalize_dimension(self, other) if p1 == self and p1 == p2: return [self] return [] return other.intersection(self)
[docs] def is_collinear(self, *args): """Returns True if there exists a line that contains self and points. Returns False otherwise. A trivially True value is returned if no points are given. Parameters ========== args : sequence of Points Returns ======= is_collinear : boolean See Also ======== sympy.geometry.line.Line Examples ======== >>> from sympy import Point >>> from sympy.abc import x >>> p1, p2 = Point(0, 0), Point(1, 1) >>> p3, p4, p5 = Point(2, 2), Point(x, x), Point(1, 2) >>> Point.is_collinear(p1, p2, p3, p4) True >>> Point.is_collinear(p1, p2, p3, p5) False """ points = (self,) + args points = Point._normalize_dimension(*[Point(i) for i in points]) points = list(uniq(points)) return Point.affine_rank(*points) <= 1
[docs] def is_concyclic(self, *args): """Do self and the given sequence of points lie in a circle? Returns True if the set of points are concyclic and False otherwise. A trivial value of True is returned if there are fewer than 2 other points. Parameters ========== args : sequence of Points Returns ======= is_concyclic : boolean Examples ======== >>> from sympy import Point Define 4 points that are on the unit circle: >>> p1, p2, p3, p4 = Point(1, 0), (0, 1), (-1, 0), (0, -1) >>> p1.is_concyclic() == p1.is_concyclic(p2, p3, p4) == True True Define a point not on that circle: >>> p = Point(1, 1) >>> p.is_concyclic(p1, p2, p3) False """ points = (self,) + args points = Point._normalize_dimension(*[Point(i) for i in points]) points = list(uniq(points)) if not Point.affine_rank(*points) <= 2: return False origin = points[0] points = [p - origin for p in points] # points are concyclic if they are coplanar and # there is a point c so that ||p_i-c|| == ||p_j-c|| for all # i and j. Rearranging this equation gives us the following # condition: the matrix mat must not a pivot in the last # column. mat = Matrix([list(i) + [i.dot(i)] for i in points]) rref, pivots = mat.rref() if len(origin) not in pivots: return True return False
@property def is_nonzero(self): """True if any coordinate is nonzero, False if every coordinate is zero, and None if it cannot be determined.""" is_zero = self.is_zero if is_zero is None: return None return not is_zero
[docs] def is_scalar_multiple(self, p): """Returns whether each coordinate of self is a scalar multiple of the corresponding coordinate in point p. """ s, o = Point._normalize_dimension(self, Point(p)) # 2d points happen a lot, so optimize this function call if s.ambient_dimension == 2: (x1, y1), (x2, y2) = s.args, o.args rv = (x1*y2 - x2*y1).equals(0) if rv is None: raise Undecidable(filldedent( '''can't determine if %s is a scalar multiple of %s''' % (s, o))) # if the vectors p1 and p2 are linearly dependent, then they must # be scalar multiples of each other m = Matrix([s.args, o.args]) return m.rank() < 2
@property def is_zero(self): """True if every coordinate is zero, False if any coordinate is not zero, and None if it cannot be determined.""" nonzero = [x.is_nonzero for x in self.args] if any(nonzero): return False if any(x is None for x in nonzero): return None return True @property def length(self): """ Treating a Point as a Line, this returns 0 for the length of a Point. Examples ======== >>> from sympy import Point >>> p = Point(0, 1) >>> p.length 0 """ return S.Zero
[docs] def midpoint(self, p): """The midpoint between self and point p. Parameters ========== p : Point Returns ======= midpoint : Point See Also ======== sympy.geometry.line.Segment.midpoint Examples ======== >>> from sympy.geometry import Point >>> p1, p2 = Point(1, 1), Point(13, 5) >>> p1.midpoint(p2) Point2D(7, 3) """ s, p = Point._normalize_dimension(self, Point(p)) return Point([simplify((a + b)*S.Half) for a, b in zip(s, p)])
@property def origin(self): """A point of all zeros of the same ambient dimension as the current point""" return Point([0]*len(self), evaluate=False) @property def orthogonal_direction(self): """Returns a non-zero point that is orthogonal to the line containing self and the origin. Examples ======== >>> from sympy.geometry import Line, Point >>> a = Point(1, 2, 3) >>> a.orthogonal_direction Point3D(-2, 1, 0) >>> b = _ >>> Line(b, b.origin).is_perpendicular(Line(a, a.origin)) True """ dim = self.ambient_dimension # if a coordinate is zero, we can put a 1 there and zeros elsewhere if self[0] == S.Zero: return Point([1] + (dim - 1)*[0]) if self[1] == S.Zero: return Point([0,1] + (dim - 2)*[0]) # if the first two coordinates aren't zero, we can create a non-zero # orthogonal vector by swapping them, negating one, and padding with zeros return Point([-self[1], self[0]] + (dim - 2)*[0])
[docs] @staticmethod def project(a, b): """Project the point a onto the line between the origin and point b along the normal direction. Parameters ========== a : Point b : Point Returns ======= p : Point See Also ======== sympy.geometry.line.LinearEntity.projection Examples ======== >>> from sympy.geometry import Line, Point >>> a = Point(1, 2) >>> b = Point(2, 5) >>> z = a.origin >>> p = Point.project(a, b) >>> Line(p, a).is_perpendicular(Line(p, b)) True >>> Point.is_collinear(z, p, b) True """ a, b = Point._normalize_dimension(Point(a), Point(b)) if b.is_zero: raise ValueError("Cannot project to the zero vector.") return b*(a.dot(b) / b.dot(b))
[docs] def taxicab_distance(self, p): """The Taxicab Distance from self to point p. Returns the sum of the horizontal and vertical distances to point p. Parameters ========== p : Point Returns ======= taxicab_distance : The sum of the horizontal and vertical distances to point p. See Also ======== sympy.geometry.point.Point.distance Examples ======== >>> from sympy.geometry import Point >>> p1, p2 = Point(1, 1), Point(4, 5) >>> p1.taxicab_distance(p2) 7 """ s, p = Point._normalize_dimension(self, Point(p)) return Add(*(abs(a - b) for a, b in zip(s, p)))
[docs] def canberra_distance(self, p): """The Canberra Distance from self to point p. Returns the weighted sum of horizontal and vertical distances to point p. Parameters ========== p : Point Returns ======= canberra_distance : The weighted sum of horizontal and vertical distances to point p. The weight used is the sum of absolute values of the coordinates. See Also ======== sympy.geometry.point.Point.distance Examples ======== >>> from sympy.geometry import Point >>> p1, p2 = Point(1, 1), Point(3, 3) >>> p1.canberra_distance(p2) 1 >>> p1, p2 = Point(0, 0), Point(3, 3) >>> p1.canberra_distance(p2) 2 Raises ====== ValueError when both vectors are zero. See Also ======== sympy.geometry.point.Point.distance """ s, p = Point._normalize_dimension(self, Point(p)) if self.is_zero and p.is_zero: raise ValueError("Cannot project to the zero vector.") return Add(*((abs(a - b)/(abs(a) + abs(b))) for a, b in zip(s, p)))
@property def unit(self): """Return the Point that is in the same direction as self and a distance of 1 from the origin""" return self / abs(self) n = evalf __truediv__ = __div__
[docs]class Point2D(Point): """A point in a 2-dimensional Euclidean space. Parameters ========== coords : sequence of 2 coordinate values. Attributes ========== x y length Raises ====== TypeError When trying to add or subtract points with different dimensions. When trying to create a point with more than two dimensions. When intersection is called with object other than a Point. See Also ======== sympy.geometry.line.Segment : Connects two Points Examples ======== >>> from sympy.geometry import Point2D >>> from sympy.abc import x >>> Point2D(1, 2) Point2D(1, 2) >>> Point2D([1, 2]) Point2D(1, 2) >>> Point2D(0, x) Point2D(0, x) Floats are automatically converted to Rational unless the evaluate flag is False: >>> Point2D(0.5, 0.25) Point2D(1/2, 1/4) >>> Point2D(0.5, 0.25, evaluate=False) Point2D(0.5, 0.25) """ _ambient_dimension = 2 def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs): if not kwargs.pop('_nocheck', False): kwargs['dim'] = 2 args = Point(*args, **kwargs) return GeometryEntity.__new__(cls, *args) def __contains__(self, item): return item == self @property def bounds(self): """Return a tuple (xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax) representing the bounding rectangle for the geometric figure. """ return (self.x, self.y, self.x, self.y)
[docs] def rotate(self, angle, pt=None): """Rotate angle radians counterclockwise about Point pt. See Also ======== rotate, scale Examples ======== >>> from sympy import Point2D, pi >>> t = Point2D(1, 0) >>> t.rotate(pi/2) Point2D(0, 1) >>> t.rotate(pi/2, (2, 0)) Point2D(2, -1) """ from sympy import cos, sin, Point c = cos(angle) s = sin(angle) rv = self if pt is not None: pt = Point(pt, dim=2) rv -= pt x, y = rv.args rv = Point(c*x - s*y, s*x + c*y) if pt is not None: rv += pt return rv
[docs] def scale(self, x=1, y=1, pt=None): """Scale the coordinates of the Point by multiplying by x and y after subtracting pt -- default is (0, 0) -- and then adding pt back again (i.e. pt is the point of reference for the scaling). See Also ======== rotate, translate Examples ======== >>> from sympy import Point2D >>> t = Point2D(1, 1) >>> t.scale(2) Point2D(2, 1) >>> t.scale(2, 2) Point2D(2, 2) """ if pt: pt = Point(pt, dim=2) return self.translate(*(-pt).args).scale(x, y).translate(*pt.args) return Point(self.x*x, self.y*y)
[docs] def transform(self, matrix): """Return the point after applying the transformation described by the 3x3 Matrix, matrix. See Also ======== geometry.entity.rotate geometry.entity.scale geometry.entity.translate """ try: col, row = matrix.shape valid_matrix = matrix.is_square and col == 3 except AttributeError: # We hit this block if matrix argument is not actually a Matrix. valid_matrix = False if not valid_matrix: raise ValueError("The argument to the transform function must be " \ + "a 3x3 matrix") x, y = self.args return Point(*(Matrix(1, 3, [x, y, 1])*matrix).tolist()[0][:2])
[docs] def translate(self, x=0, y=0): """Shift the Point by adding x and y to the coordinates of the Point. See Also ======== rotate, scale Examples ======== >>> from sympy import Point2D >>> t = Point2D(0, 1) >>> t.translate(2) Point2D(2, 1) >>> t.translate(2, 2) Point2D(2, 3) >>> t + Point2D(2, 2) Point2D(2, 3) """ return Point(self.x + x, self.y + y)
@property def x(self): """ Returns the X coordinate of the Point. Examples ======== >>> from sympy import Point2D >>> p = Point2D(0, 1) >>> p.x 0 """ return self.args[0] @property def y(self): """ Returns the Y coordinate of the Point. Examples ======== >>> from sympy import Point2D >>> p = Point2D(0, 1) >>> p.y 1 """ return self.args[1]
[docs]class Point3D(Point): """A point in a 3-dimensional Euclidean space. Parameters ========== coords : sequence of 3 coordinate values. Attributes ========== x y z length Raises ====== TypeError When trying to add or subtract points with different dimensions. When intersection is called with object other than a Point. Examples ======== >>> from sympy import Point3D >>> from sympy.abc import x >>> Point3D(1, 2, 3) Point3D(1, 2, 3) >>> Point3D([1, 2, 3]) Point3D(1, 2, 3) >>> Point3D(0, x, 3) Point3D(0, x, 3) Floats are automatically converted to Rational unless the evaluate flag is False: >>> Point3D(0.5, 0.25, 2) Point3D(1/2, 1/4, 2) >>> Point3D(0.5, 0.25, 3, evaluate=False) Point3D(0.5, 0.25, 3) """ _ambient_dimension = 3 def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs): if not kwargs.pop('_nocheck', False): kwargs['dim'] = 3 args = Point(*args, **kwargs) return GeometryEntity.__new__(cls, *args) def __contains__(self, item): return item == self
[docs] @staticmethod def are_collinear(*points): """Is a sequence of points collinear? Test whether or not a set of points are collinear. Returns True if the set of points are collinear, or False otherwise. Parameters ========== points : sequence of Point Returns ======= are_collinear : boolean See Also ======== sympy.geometry.line.Line3D Examples ======== >>> from sympy import Point3D, Matrix >>> from sympy.abc import x >>> p1, p2 = Point3D(0, 0, 0), Point3D(1, 1, 1) >>> p3, p4, p5 = Point3D(2, 2, 2), Point3D(x, x, x), Point3D(1, 2, 6) >>> Point3D.are_collinear(p1, p2, p3, p4) True >>> Point3D.are_collinear(p1, p2, p3, p5) False """ return Point.is_collinear(*points)
[docs] def direction_cosine(self, point): """ Gives the direction cosine between 2 points Parameters ========== p : Point3D Returns ======= list Examples ======== >>> from sympy import Point3D >>> p1 = Point3D(1, 2, 3) >>> p1.direction_cosine(Point3D(2, 3, 5)) [sqrt(6)/6, sqrt(6)/6, sqrt(6)/3] """ a = self.direction_ratio(point) b = sqrt(Add(*(i**2 for i in a))) return [(point.x - self.x) / b,(point.y - self.y) / b, (point.z - self.z) / b]
[docs] def direction_ratio(self, point): """ Gives the direction ratio between 2 points Parameters ========== p : Point3D Returns ======= list Examples ======== >>> from sympy import Point3D >>> p1 = Point3D(1, 2, 3) >>> p1.direction_ratio(Point3D(2, 3, 5)) [1, 1, 2] """ return [(point.x - self.x),(point.y - self.y),(point.z - self.z)]
[docs] def intersection(self, other): """The intersection between this point and another point. Parameters ========== other : Point Returns ======= intersection : list of Points Notes ===== The return value will either be an empty list if there is no intersection, otherwise it will contain this point. Examples ======== >>> from sympy import Point3D >>> p1, p2, p3 = Point3D(0, 0, 0), Point3D(1, 1, 1), Point3D(0, 0, 0) >>> p1.intersection(p2) [] >>> p1.intersection(p3) [Point3D(0, 0, 0)] """ if not isinstance(other, GeometryEntity): other = Point(other, dim=3) if isinstance(other, Point3D): if self == other: return [self] return [] return other.intersection(self)
[docs] def scale(self, x=1, y=1, z=1, pt=None): """Scale the coordinates of the Point by multiplying by x and y after subtracting pt -- default is (0, 0) -- and then adding pt back again (i.e. pt is the point of reference for the scaling). See Also ======== translate Examples ======== >>> from sympy import Point3D >>> t = Point3D(1, 1, 1) >>> t.scale(2) Point3D(2, 1, 1) >>> t.scale(2, 2) Point3D(2, 2, 1) """ if pt: pt = Point3D(pt) return self.translate(*(-pt).args).scale(x, y, z).translate(*pt.args) return Point3D(self.x*x, self.y*y, self.z*z)
[docs] def transform(self, matrix): """Return the point after applying the transformation described by the 4x4 Matrix, matrix. See Also ======== geometry.entity.rotate geometry.entity.scale geometry.entity.translate """ try: col, row = matrix.shape valid_matrix = matrix.is_square and col == 4 except AttributeError: # We hit this block if matrix argument is not actually a Matrix. valid_matrix = False if not valid_matrix: raise ValueError("The argument to the transform function must be " \ + "a 4x4 matrix") from sympy.matrices.expressions import Transpose x, y, z = self.args m = Transpose(matrix) return Point3D(*(Matrix(1, 4, [x, y, z, 1])*m).tolist()[0][:3])
[docs] def translate(self, x=0, y=0, z=0): """Shift the Point by adding x and y to the coordinates of the Point. See Also ======== rotate, scale Examples ======== >>> from sympy import Point3D >>> t = Point3D(0, 1, 1) >>> t.translate(2) Point3D(2, 1, 1) >>> t.translate(2, 2) Point3D(2, 3, 1) >>> t + Point3D(2, 2, 2) Point3D(2, 3, 3) """ return Point3D(self.x + x, self.y + y, self.z + z)
@property def x(self): """ Returns the X coordinate of the Point. Examples ======== >>> from sympy import Point3D >>> p = Point3D(0, 1, 3) >>> p.x 0 """ return self.args[0] @property def y(self): """ Returns the Y coordinate of the Point. Examples ======== >>> from sympy import Point3D >>> p = Point3D(0, 1, 2) >>> p.y 1 """ return self.args[1] @property def z(self): """ Returns the Z coordinate of the Point. Examples ======== >>> from sympy import Point3D >>> p = Point3D(0, 1, 1) >>> p.z 1 """ return self.args[2]